Modules

• A file containing code
• file name is the module name
• allows organization at a file level
• can contain any number of
  • objects
  • functions
  • classes

Module Locations

• Current working directory
• Any directory in the system path (sys.path)
  • contains most built-in modules
  • sys.path is set by the PYTHONPATH

Built-in Modules

• Daa Typs
• Numeric and Math
• File Handling
• OS
• Concurrency
• Internet
• Data Persistence

Data Types

calendar

• provides useful functions to output calendar data

datetime

• for manipulation date and times

collections

• a set of additional collection data types providing alternatives to dict, list, set and tuple

Numeric and Math

math

• provides access to mathematical functions

cmath

• mathematical functions for complex numbers

statistics

• for calculating statistics of numeric data

fractions

• support for rational number arithmetic

random

• random number generators

File Handling

pathlib

• object oriented handling of filesystem paths

filecmp

• file and directory comparisons

shutils

• high level file operations (copying and removing directories)

Operating System

os

• miscellaneous operating system interfaces

logging

• logging facility

argparse

• parse for command line options and arguments

platform

• access to underlying platforms’s identifying data

Concurrency

threating

• thread-based parallelism

multiprocessing

• process based parallelism

subprocess

• subprocess management

sched

• even scheduler

Data Persistence

squlite3

• interface to SQLite database

pickle

• object serialization

shelve

• object persistence

Internet

socket

• low-level networking interface

ssl

• SSL wrapper for socket objects

email

• email and MIME handline package

json

• JSON encoder and decoder

mailboc

• manipulate mailboxes in varios formats